To function optimally, the female body requires an optimal balance of estrogens (a trio of related hormones called estradiol, estrone, and estriol) and progesterone. Estrogen dominance occurs when the hormonal balance is shifted in favor of the estrogens. This condition just as correctly could be called progesterone deficiency.

How does this happen? For the most part, it is the inevitable result of the aging process. A woman’s ovaries generally function best between a few years after puberty until around age thirty. However, as a woman ages, so do her ovaries. By the time a woman reaches thirty-five years of age she is over halfway through her menstrual life and her ovarian function begins to falter:Each of the ovaries contains numerous follicles, which hold a woman’s eggs. At ovulation, a mature (vesicular) follicle ruptures, releasing its egg. The follicle is then transformed into a progesterone-producing corpus luteum. If ovulation does not occur, no corpus luteum forms, and no progesterone is made.

The ovaries are the primary site for the production of both the estrogens and progesterone. But while both estrogen and progesterone levels decline with age, progesterone declines much more dramatically. By menopause, a woman’s progesterone level is likely to be a mere 1/120 of the level she experienced in her early twenties. In contrast, her postmenopausal estrogen level may remain at 40 percent of the level she experienced in early adulthood, because even when her ovaries no longer produce estrogen, her fat cells continue to do so. Thanks to this additional source of estrogen, an obese postmenopausal woman may have higher estrogen levels than a thin premenopausal woman:

“The World Health Organization has found that an overweight post menopausal woman has more estrogen circulating in her body than a skinny pre-menopausal woman!! Western women now have some of the highest estrogen levels ever recorded in history. In fact, we are literally swimming in a sea of estrogen exposure due medication such as the Pill and HRT, the estrogen mimics found in pesticides, herbicides, and plastics, as well as the hormones injected into feed lot cattle and farmed fish (estrogen accelerates grow and increases weight gain in animals…and in women, too!).” (From Menopause, HRT, and Other Myths)

Another reason why estrogen dominance becomes more common with age is that as a woman ages she begins to have anovulatory cycles, menstrual cycles during which her ovaries do not release eggs. When a woman does not ovulate, her ovaries produce no progesterone at all. The stimulatory effects of estrogen unopposed by progesterone can cause the endometrial lining to become abnormally thickened, resulting in heavier periods, clotting, and painful menstrual cramps. As women enter their thirties, anovulatory cycles become more common, and symptoms of estrogen dominance become progressively more severe.

Other Causes of Estrogen Dominance

While estrogen dominance is usually a progressive condition that develops as women move through their menstrual lives, it is virtually inevitable after a hysterectomy. As with natural menopause, surgically induced menopause obliterates progesterone production immediately, rather than over years:

“Many women in their thirties or forties are actually having fewer ovulations, creating hormone imbalance, resulting in many of the 34 menopause symptoms. And once ovulation ceases at menopause, progesterone levels fall to virtually zero. At the same time, estrogen is still being produced, again leading to hormone imbalance and the resulting symptoms. If a hysterectomy has happened, surgical menopause means the woman no longer produces progesterone.” (From Menopause Symptom)

Even if the ovaries have been spared the surgeon’s knife, ovarian dysfunction or atrophy commonly occurs within two years following removal of the uterus, causing a predictable decline in progesterone levels.

Bilateral tubal ligation also can lead to a decline in the production of hormones by the ovaries. This procedure, in which the fallopian tubes are cut, burned, or tied off to prevent pregnancy, cuts off a portion of the blood supply to the ovaries. Many women who have undergone this procedure develop bilateral tubal ligation syndrome with symptoms of estrogen dominance.

Estrogen dominance can also occur following childbirth. During pregnancy, the placenta produces progesterone at levels that are many times higher than a woman’s body normally produces. When the baby is delivered and the placenta is expelled, there is a precipitous drop in the progesterone level. However, estrogen levels remain high. Unless the ovaries can produce adequate amounts of progesterone to balance the estrogens, estrogen dominance is likely to occur.

Another factor contributing to estrogen dominance is the presence of xenoestrogens in our bodies:

“Known as xenoestrogens, they are capable of mimicking estrogen activity in the body. The ongoing assaults of these chemicals affect the body like excess estrogens, with overwhelming and sometimes devastating consequences. It is almost impossible to avoid these estrogen mimickers…

“They’re in the air, car emissions, detergents, paints, nail polishes, lotions, soaps, plastics, food and water. Most notable sources of estrogen chemicals are petroleum based products, pollutants, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and plastics.” (From No One is to Blame)

The prefix “xeno” means alien, an apt description of these synthetic chemicals, which pollute the water, air, soil, and animal and plant life on this planet. Xenoestrogens can cause estrogenic effects even in doses on the level of a billionth of a gram, and because they are stored in the fat cells of our bodies, most of us carry a significant burden of these toxic chemicals.

Oral contraceptives are another common cause of estrogen dominance, because they work by suppressing ovulation and ovarian function. Keep in mind that a woman who is not ovulating produces no progesterone in her ovaries. Estrogen dominance as a result of oral contraceptives has been linked to a myriad of health concerns:

Oral contraceptives contain progestins, not progesterone. Like xenoestrogens, synthetic progestins are alien to a woman’s body, and although they target the same cell receptors that progesterone targets, their effects do not perfectly mimic those of the natural hormone. In fact, they depress the body’s production of natural progesterone, leading to estrogen dominance and its associated symptoms.

Do you have Estrogen Dominance (Progesterone Deficiency)?

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This entry was posted on Wednesday, October 25th, 2006 at 12:07 pm and is filed under Dr. Steven Hotze. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.